A Descriptive Model of Voyeuristic Behavior.

Over the last 50 years, there has been a plethora of research exploring sexual offending with a recent focus on online offending. However, little research has focused on voyeurism despite convictions and media awareness growing rapidly. Currently, there is sparse theoretical or empirical literature to guide research and practice for individuals engaging in voyeuristic behaviors. As such, 17 incarcerated men with a conviction of voyeurism in the UK were interviewed on the cognitive, affective, behavioral, and contextual factors leading up to and surrounding their offense(s). Grounded theory analyses were used to develop a temporal model from background factors to post-offense factors; the Descriptive Model of Voyeuristic Behavior (DMV). The model highlights vulnerability factors for men engaging in voyeuristic behaviors in this sample. Following this, the same 17 men were plotted through the model and three key pathways were identified: Sexual Gratification, Maladaptive Connection Seeking, and Access to Inappropriate Person(s). The characteristics of each pathway are discussed, and treatment implications considered.

Peeping Wang: A Bird's Eye View on Video Voyeurism among Chinese Men Attracted to Men.

Developments in technology and the Internet have made modern lives more convenient, yet they also created new mediums and means for sexual offending. Video voyeurism, for one, gained increasing research attention; however, most research focused on male-on-female perpetration, where heterosexual men take photos of female victims' private parts in public places without consent or acknowledgment (e.g., "up-skirting" and "down-blousing"). This study was the first to examine male-on-male video voyeurism in the Global South. Postings (N = 226) were collected from a large web forum dedicated to Chinese men attracted to men and its sub-section on non-consensual voyeuristic images. Neutralization theory was used to guide the data analyses. Preliminary findings suggested that 1) perpetrators obtained voyeuristic images largely through taking photos of strangers' private body parts in public restrooms; 2) perpetrators justified their behaviors most commonly by denial of victim, such as victim-shaming, victim-blaming, claiming that the victim "had fun," the illusion of domination, and objectification; 3) perpetrators also used metaphor of the ledger, by claiming relative inexperience or that they had become a different person since the perpetration.

Um capítulo esquecido na história da psicologia? sexualidades desviantes, psicopatologia e normalidade / A forgotten chapter in the history of psychology? deviant sexualities, psychopathology, and normality / ¿Un capítulo olvidado en la historia de la psicología? sexualidades desviadas, psicopatología y normalidad

Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)

This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)

Sex Differences in Voyeuristic and Exhibitionistic Interests: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Sociosexuality and Sexual Compulsivity from an Evolutionary Perspective.

Sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity predict sex differences in voyeuristic interest in the population. In this study, we used a sample of 1113 participants from the UK (46% men) to consider whether sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity interacted to explain these sex differences and whether this relationship extended to the related domain of exhibitionism. In doing so, we tested novel predictions derived from an evolutionary perspective which views voyeuristic and exhibitionistic interest as manifestations of a short-term mating strategy. Participants reported their levels of repulsion toward voyeurism and exhibitionism and their interest in performing such acts under different levels of risk. There were clear sex differences in voyeuristic and exhibitionistic repulsion that were partially mediated by the serial combination of sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity. Examining the sexes separately revealed qualitatively different relationships between sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity when predicting exhibitionistic, but not voyeuristic, repulsion. Combined, sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity also mediated the sex difference in willingness to commit acts of voyeurism, but not exhibitionism, which was equally low for both sexes. The results highlight the role sociosexuality plays in voyeuristic and exhibitionistic interest, which coupled with an evolutionary perspective, may have implications for how we view courtship disorders.

More Than a Nuisance: The Prevalence and Consequences of Frotteurism and Exhibitionism.

Despite indications that acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism are frequent occurrences, these sexual paraphilias have received little empirical attention. To address this gap in our knowledge about these paraphilias, 459 undergraduate students in a major metropolitan city completed a self-report measure designed to investigate the frequency and correlates of frotteurism and exhibitionism. Results indicate a high rate of victimization among female college students for both paraphilias. Furthermore, acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism most often occurred in places related to public transportation (e.g., subway trains or platforms) in this urban setting. In addition, victims reported a number of negative outcomes as a consequence of victimization, including feelings of violation, changes in behavior, and even long-term psychological distress. Older females were the most likely to be victimized. These findings are discussed as they pertain to the prevention and deterrence of paraphilic sexual acts.

The Body Worlds Exhibits and Juvenile Understandings of Death: Do We Educate Children to Science or to Voyeurism?

Gunther von Hagens' development of plastination as a method for preserving human remains has enabled his public display of skinless, dissected bodies in a series of popular international exhibitions entitled Body Worlds. These spectacular displays claim to be educative, democratizing the study of anatomy and liberating it from the traditional confines of professional medical study. However, Body Worlds has raised various ethical objections to its commercial purpose, sourcing of some bodies and arrangement of bodies in poses or dissections that some viewers find offensive. Here we consider a different, often overlooked ethical conundrum raised by these exhibitions: the likelihood that the viewing of plastinates posed in 'frozen motion' is ill­suited to the psychological development of young children (5-10 years old) whose understanding of death is still in formation. Often young children mistake corpses for models, even for living beings if they are posed in arrested motion. The educative value of Body Worlds for younger viewers is questionable and the display may even interfere with their understanding of death. If the exhibition of human remains can be justified where their authenticity can be made known to viewers and the remains invested by them with sympathetic emotional meaning, it may be pointless if not unethical to show quasi­lifelike posed plastinates to young children in lieu of replica models.

Assessment of the paraphilias.

Paraphilias are recurrent, persistent, and intense sexual interests in atypical objects or activities. The most commonly encountered paraphilias in sexological or forensic settings are pedophilia, sexual sadism, exhibitionism, and voyeurism. Paraphilias are often comorbid with other sexual, mood, and personality disorders. Assessment and diagnosis require an integration of multiple sources of clinical information, given the limits and biases of self-report (through clinical interview or questionnaires). Clinicians ideally have access to more objective assessment methods, such as phallometric testing of sexual arousal. The accurate assessment and diagnosis of paraphilias is essential to effective treatment and management.

[Clinical consequences of modernity]. / Des conséquences cliniques de la modernité.

When they receive patients in their treatment centre, clinicians witness symptoms which are sometimes very closely related to the inclusion within hypermodernity of hyperbole and instantaneousness. A study of the question of contemporary violence through an analytical explanation of the relationship between the subject and the object.

Perversión, sobrviviendo a la confusión: una vuelta a la literatura / Perversion, surviving the confusion: a return to the literature

El concepto de perversión y los desarrollos psicoanalíticos en torno a este tema son diversos y divergentes. Para enfrentar esta situación, el autor hace una mirada hacia el inicio histórico del concepto, luego revisa los desarrollos de Freud, los que en si son divergentes, luego revisa los distintos modelos existentes dentro del psicoanálisis, para delimitar las diferencias y los posibles diálogos. El autor termina con una vuelta a la literatura (que se plantea similar a una vuelta a la clínica) para intentar “sobrevivir” al confuso bosque teórico actual. Para este fin se analiza “El marinero que perdió la gracia del mar” de Yukio Mishima

The concept of perversion and psychoanalytic developments on this issue are diverse and divergent. To address this situation, the author provides a look at the historical beginning of the concept, then reviews the developments of Freud, which themselves are divergent, then review the various existing models in psychoanalysis, to narrow the differences and possible dialogues. The author ends with a return to literature (which is raised similar to a return to the clinic) to try survive to the current theoretical confusing forest. To this end we analyze "the sailor who lost the grace of the Sea" by Yukio Mishima

The DSM diagnostic criteria for exhibitionism, voyeurism, and frotteurism.

I reviewed the empirical literature for 1980-2008 on exhibitionism, voyeurism, and frotteurism for the American Psychiatric Association's Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders Work Group in preparation for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Very limited empirical support was found for major changes of the current DSM-IV-TR criteria sets for these paraphilias. Some of the criticism of current criteria and the balancing of false negatives and false positive diagnoses are examined. The report concludes with suggestions for possible diagnostic criteria changes for the DSM-V.

O voyeur e a morte / The voyeur and the death

O texto apresenta um caso clínico de agorafobia em um homem. A crise apareceu quando ele se preparava para fazer uma viajem ao país natal de sua família em companhia de seu amigo. Naquele momento seu amigo atravessava uma crise e o deixa. O autor nos mostra, por meio da historia do sujeito, que o rompimento da vida amorosa tem como conseqüências o aparecimento de um gozo perverso, uma atividade voyeurista: ver pênis em ereção. Mas o pênis fetichizado comporta um engano. O que Simon olha no Outro, no olho do parceiro que diz amar, é i(a), olha-se a sim mesmo como um ser desejável, suscetível de ser amado.

This article presents a clinical case of agoraphobia. The crisis appeared when he was getting ready for a trip with his partner to his family's homeland. Due to a crisis in the relationship his partner decides to leave him. The rupture in his love life has as a consequence the dawn of perverse joy, a voyeur activity: stare at the ones who show their erect penis. However, the fetish penis holds a trap. What Simon sees in the Other, in the eye of the partner he says he loves is i(a), sees himself as a desired being, able to be loved.

Suspensão corporal e as três dimensões da intercorporeidade / Suspensión corporal y las tres dimensiones de la intercorporeidad / Body suspension and the three dimensions of the intercorporealty

Este artigo focaliza a suspensão corporal, que consiste na elevação de uma pessoa por meio de ganchos cravados em sua pele. Essa prática é um fenômeno tipicamente contemporâneo e, facilitada pela internet, tem-se difundido intensamente no mundo ocidental. Para compreendê-la, utilizamos uma escuta psicanalítica para ressaltar a dinâmica da relação entre as personagens típicas de um evento de suspensão: a pessoa suspendida, a pessoa que suspende e a platéia. Pretendemos, então, enfocar o caráter intersubjetivo dessa intervenção corporal e, para tanto, utilizamos a noção de intercorporeidade. O seu desenvolvimento inspira-se em instrumentos já utilizados para pensar a intersubjetividade: a condição fusional mãe-bebê, a empatia, o voyeurismo, a relação especular e a mediação simbólica.(AU)

Este artículo enfoca la suspensión corporal, consistente en la elevación de una persona a través de ganchos clavados en su piel. Esta práctica es un fenómeno típicamente contemporáneo que, facilitado por la internet, se ha difundido intensamente en el mundo occidental. Para comprenderla, utilizamos una escucha psicoanalítica destinada a resaltar la dinámica de la relación entre los personajes típicos de un evento de suspensión: el suspendido, el que suspende y la platea. Pretendemos, así, destacar el carácter intersubjetivo de esa intervención corporal y, con esta finalidad, utilizamos la noción de intercorporeidad. Su desarrollo se inspira en instrumentos ya utilizados para pensar la intersubjetividad: la condición fusional madre-niño, la empatía, el voyeurismo, la relación especular y la mediación simbólica.(AU)

This article focus on the body suspension, which consists in the elevation of a person by means of hooks pierced on the skin. This practice is a tipical contemporary phenomenon and, facilitated by internet, has been intensely diffused over the western world. In order to comprehend it, we use a psychoanalitical aproach to emphasize the relation dynamics among the typical actors of a suspension event: the suspendee, the suspender and the audience. In order to focus the intersubjective basis of this body intervention, we use the notion of intercorporealty. Its development is inspired on tools already used to comprehend the intersubjectivity: the fusional condition mother-baby, the empathy, the voyeurism, the specular relation and the simbolic mediation.(AU)

Suspensão corporal e as três dimensões da intercorporeidade / Suspensión corporal y las tres dimensiones de la intercorporeidad / Body suspension and the three dimensions of the intercorporealty

Este artigo focaliza a suspensão corporal, que consiste na elevação de uma pessoa por meio de ganchos cravados em sua pele. Essa prática é um fenômeno tipicamente contemporâneo e, facilitada pela internet, tem-se difundido intensamente no mundo ocidental. Para compreendê-la, utilizamos uma escuta psicanalítica para ressaltar a dinâmica da relação entre as personagens típicas de um evento de suspensão: a pessoa suspendida, a pessoa que suspende e a platéia. Pretendemos, então, enfocar o caráter intersubjetivo dessa intervenção corporal e, para tanto, utilizamos a noção de intercorporeidade. O seu desenvolvimento inspira-se em instrumentos já utilizados para pensar a intersubjetividade: a condição fusional mãe-bebê, a empatia, o voyeurismo, a relação especular e a mediação simbólica.

Este artículo enfoca la suspensión corporal, consistente en la elevación de una persona a través de ganchos clavados en su piel. Esta práctica es un fenómeno típicamente contemporáneo que, facilitado por la internet, se ha difundido intensamente en el mundo occidental. Para comprenderla, utilizamos una escucha psicoanalítica destinada a resaltar la dinámica de la relación entre los personajes típicos de un evento de suspensión: el suspendido, el que suspende y la platea. Pretendemos, así, destacar el carácter intersubjetivo de esa intervención corporal y, con esta finalidad, utilizamos la noción de intercorporeidad. Su desarrollo se inspira en instrumentos ya utilizados para pensar la intersubjetividad: la condición fusional madre-niño, la empatía, el voyeurismo, la relación especular y la mediación simbólica.

This article focus on the body suspension, which consists in the elevation of a person by means of hooks pierced on the skin. This practice is a tipical contemporary phenomenon and, facilitated by internet, has been intensely diffused over the western world. In order to comprehend it, we use a psychoanalitical aproach to emphasize the relation dynamics among the typical actors of a suspension event: the suspendee, the suspender and the audience. In order to focus the intersubjective basis of this body intervention, we use the notion of intercorporealty. Its development is inspired on tools already used to comprehend the intersubjectivity: the fusional condition mother-baby, the empathy, the voyeurism, the specular relation and the simbolic mediation.

Experiencing Body Worlds: voyeurism, education, or enlightenment?

Until the advent of plastinated cadavers, few outside the medical professions have had firsthand experience with human corpses. Such opportunities are now available at the Body Worlds exhibits of Gunther von Hagens. After an overview of these exhibits, we explore visitor responses as revealed in comment books available upon exiting the exhibit. Cultural, philosophical, and religious issues raised in the comments serve as a microcosm of society at large. The conclusion considers the challenge of such exhibits in introducing the public to science education, notes the image of the body as machine-so prevalent in the West-reflected in visitor comments, and finds hope that the exhibits promote, for many visitors, a sense of community among all humankind.

Exhibitionistic and voyeuristic behavior in a Swedish national population survey.

We examined the prevalence and correlates of self-reported sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to a stranger (exhibitionistic behavior) and spying on others having sex (voyeuristic behavior) in a representative national sample. In 1996, 2,450 randomly selected 18-60 year-olds from the general population of Sweden were interviewed in a broad survey of sexuality and health. A total of 76 (3.1%) respondents reported at least one incident of being sexually aroused by exposing their genitals to a stranger and 191 (7.7%) respondents reported at least one incident of being sexually aroused by spying on others having sex. Exhibitionistic and voyeuristic behaviors were examined for possible associations with 9 sociodemographic, 5 health, 4 risk-taking, and 17 sexuality variables. Both paraphilia-like behaviors were positively associated with being male and having more psychological problems, lower satisfaction with life, greater alcohol and drug use, and greater sexual interest and activity in general, including more sexual partners, greater sexual arousability, higher frequency of masturbation, higher frequency of pornography use, and greater likelihood of having had a same-sex sexual partner. Consistent with previous research in clinical samples of men with paraphilias, respondents who reported either exhibitionistic or voyeuristic behavior had substantially greater odds of reporting other atypical sexual behavior (sadomasochistic or cross-dressing behavior). There was evidence both for general and specific associations between sexual fantasies and their corresponding paraphilia-like behaviors. The implications of these findings for research on atypical sexual interests, atypical sexual behavior, and paraphilias are discussed.